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(No Model.) 3 sheets sheet 1. P. JOOHUM.

- BRICK KILN. No. 404,198. Patented May 28, 1889.

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s Sheets-Sheet 2. P. JOUHUM.

BRIGK KILN.

(No Model.)

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(-No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

P. JOCHUM.

BRICK KILN.

No. 404,198. Patented May 2 8,v 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL J OOHUM, OF OTTWVEILER, PRUSSIA, GERMANY.

BRICK-KILN.

SPEGIFICATIFON forming part of Letters Patent No. 404,198, dated May 28, 1889.

(No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, PAUL JOCHU-M, ot' Ottweiler, in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved kiln which can be worked either continuously or intermittently with an almost complete utilization of the fire-gases, the kiln being arranged so that the fire-gases are conducted in an overlapping course over the bricks or other articles to be burned; and the invention consists, first, of a kiln composed of a number of Ovens, each oven having a number of fireplaces in its longer sides, and fire-walls at the interior of and parallel to the longer side walls of the combustionchamber, channels connecting the fire-places with the spaces between the main walls and interior walls, draftopenings in the bottom of the combustionchamber, and of flues connecting said opening with a ring-shaped flue below said bottom which communicates by radial channels with the central smoke-flue.

The invention consists, secondly, of a kiln having a combustion-chamber, a ring-shaped draft-flue below the bottom of the same, and a communicating smoke flue, which latter connects with an S-shapedtransmitting-flue that connects the combustion-chamber of the first oven with branch flues located below the second oven, said branc-hfiues communicating by valves with the S-shaped flue, and by vertical flues with openings in the bottom of the combustion-chamber, so as to transmit the.

products of combustion and the heated air I from the first oven to the second oven.

The invention consists, thirdly, of a kiln, the combustion-chamber of which has a number of fire-places located at opposite sides, said fire-places being provided with pillars'at their rear ends and connected by vertical fines at both sides of the pillars with openings in the bottom of the combustion-chamber between the main walls and the interior fire-walls of the same, while intermediate vertical flues establish communication between the bottom of the combustion chamber and branch flues that are connected by an S-shaped transmitting-flue with the combustion-cha'|nber of the adjoining ovens.

proved oven online x 00, Fig. 2.

The invention consists, further, of certain details of construction and combination of parts, which will be fully described hereinafter, and finally pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a horizontal section of my im- Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section on line y y, Fig. 1. Fig. S-is a vertical transverse section on line .2 ,2, Fig. 1; and Figs. 4 and 5 are diagrams showing, respectively, the branch fines and S- shaped transmitting-fines and their connection with each other.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The kiln' is preferably formed of two or more ovens, which are arranged longitudinally in line with each other, each oven being made of oblong shape and provided at its longer sides with six fire-places, f to firon door, which is partly or entirely closed when the kiln isin operation, so as to regulate the admission of the cold air to the fireplace. At the rear end of each fireplace is arranged an upright pillar, p, of good refractory material, which divides the fire-place and conducts the fire-gases by two upright fines, p'-one at each side of the pillar p-to openings arranged in the bottom of the combustion-chamber A along the longer sides of the same. The fire-gases pass in upward di .rection between the main walls and interior fire-walls, A, up to the arched top of the combustion-chamber, and are then drawn in downward direction toward a number of openings, a, located in the bottom of the combustion-chamber, and then conducted by flues a to a ring-shaped flue, R, below the bottom of the combustion-chamber, and from the same by radial channels a to a central smokefiue, Z. The apertures a in the bottom of the combustion-chamber, the fines a, the ringflue R, and the radial fines a produce a uniform distribution of the fire-gases in all parts of the combustioil-chamber, even in the corners of the same, as the bottom apertures are and fire-walls, and communicate by vertical lines 3, located intermcdiately between the fines 1), leading from the fire-places into the combustion-chamber with the spaces between the side walls and interior fire-walls, A. arrangement and direction of the branch fines V and are clearly shown in Fig. 4,

the branch fines communicating with one half of the vertical fines s of the second even, while the branch fines connnunicate with the upright fines s at the other half of the combustion-chamber.

The S-shaped transmitting-fine V and the branch fines and \V serve to conduct the fire-gases and the air heated in the combustion-chamber of the first even into the second oven, where they mingle in the spaces between the side walls and fire-walls with theprodncts of combustion supplied from the fire-places of the second oven, so as to produce thereby the more perfect combustion of the fire-gases and the heated air carried along with the same. It is therefore possible, by closing the doors of the ash-pits, to subject the fuel 011 the grates of the fire-places to partial combustion and generate carbonicoxide gas from the same, which is burned in the combustion-chambcr, and then supply the so reduced fuel on the grates directly with air by opening the ash-pit doors and entirely burning the fuel, whereby a more complete and economical utilization of the same is obtained.

The valves 9 g establish'the connection be-: tween the transmitting-fine V and the branch fines "W and \V, which latter conduct the firegases to all the corners of the combustion-chamber and permit the regulating of the heat in the combustion-chamber as required by the change in the same. The firegases and the heated air are again drawn from the second oven and conducted to the third oven and mixed therein with the direct products of combustion from the firerplaces, as just described for the second oven, and so on.

The S-shaped transmitting-fiues V V overlap each other at the ends, as shown clearly on the diagram in Fig. 5, the fines V communicating by the valves 1 g with the branch fiues 'W N of the adjoining even, while the adjoining end of the second transmittingfiue V communicates by a second set of valves g g with the branch fines \V and W of the first oven, as shown clearly in Figs. 1,

The

4, and 5. The S-shaped transmitting-fines permit the connection with the branch fines W XV, &c., in forward or backward direction, so that a continuous working-kiln is obtained even with three ovens, as the firegases can be conducted in a straight line from one oven to the other and returned backward in the same manner from one oven to the other. If one of the ovensfor in stance, the second oven at the right-hand side in the drawingsis to be cut out for removing the charge in the same, the valve which is arranged in the bottom of the S- shaped transmitting-fine V, is raised, while the valves g g, leading to the branch fines and are closed, so that the fire-gases are drawn through the auxiliary flue F, located below the fines V V, into the main smokefiue F, and thereby either directly to the chimney, or the fire-gases are conducted (for utilizing the heat still contained in the same) through the main smoke-fine F to the lateral auxiliary fine F and to the transmittingchannel V of the third oven, so that in this manner the products of combustion from the first oven can be conducted around the second oven 'to the third oven and utilized in the same. By the auxiliary fines, which are connected by valves with the main smokefiue F, any one of the ovens can be cut out and the remaining ovens connected, so that no interruption in the continuous working of the same takes place.

The advantages of my improved kiln are, that by the overlapping fire-gases a uniform heat can be kept up in all the ovens, and that the kiln, by the arrangement of a third oven, be used continuously, or, if preferred, operated intermittently, as desired.

The construction of the kiln is comparatively simple and inexpensive and the saving in fuel considerable, owing to the perfect utilization of the lire-gases generated by the fuel in the fire-places in the combustionchamber of the ovens.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patcut-- 1.. The combination, in a kiln, of a combustion-chamber, fire-places at both sides of the same, fire-walls located parallel to the side walls at the interior of the combustion chamber, fines connecting the fire-places with the spaces between the side walls and firewalls, draft openings and fines in the bottom of the comb ustion-cham her, a ring-shapcd fine below said bottom, a central smoke-fine, and radial channels connecting the ring-shaped fine with the smoke-fine, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, in a kiln, with thecombustion-chamber, a ring-shaped fine below the bottom of the same, draft-lines connect ing the bottom of the combustion'chamber with the ring-shaped fine, a central smokefine, radial channels connecting the ringshaped fine with the smoke-fine, an S-shaped IIO transmitting-fine connecting the combustionchamber of the first oven with the second oven, branch fines communicating by valves with the S-shaped transmitting-flue, and vertical fines connecting the branch fines intermediately of the direct fines with the bottom of the comb ustion-chamber, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, in a kiln,with the combustion-chamber, draft-fines in the bottoms of the same, a ring-shaped fine below the bottom, radial channels, a central smoke-fine, an

S-shaped transmitting-fine, and valved anxiliary fines leading the fire-gases from the S- shaped transmitting-fine of one oven around the adjoining oven to the branch fines of the third oven, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

PAUL JOCHUM.

Witnesses:

ALVESTO P. HOGUE, JEAN GRUND. 

